原标题：美国疫情后多久才能解除社会限制？看看约翰霍普金斯大学专家Tanya Lewis意见
美国疫情当前，大家都非常恐慌COVID-19大流行，但对于美国这种社交活动丰富的国家来说，限制社交活动简直是非常艰难的事情，那么何时才能解除美国社会限制?一起看看约翰霍普金斯大学健康安全专家汤姆英格斯比的建议。
我们何时可以解除对COVID-19大流行的限制?在采取这些措施之前
约翰霍普金斯大学健康安全专家汤姆英格斯比讨论了广泛测试、防护设备和面部覆盖物的必要性
作者：Tanya Lewis，日期：2020年4月6日
我们什么时候能解除对冠状病毒大流行的美国社会限制?在采取这些措施之前
图片来自：盖蒂图片社
随着美国大部分地区陷入停滞，绝望地试图减缓新冠状病毒的传播，许多人都在想，美国何时才能“重新开放”
美国疫情下，公共政策智囊团美国企业研究所(American Enterprise Institute)最近发布了一份由前美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration)专员斯科特•戈特利布(Scott Gottlieb)共同撰写的报告，这份报告提出了四个阶段的“重新开放路线图”。美国目前所处的第一阶段包括减缓新感染的传播，同时保持身体距离措施，如关闭学校和让人们在家工作。在第二步中，当个别国家有能力识别、测试和隔离大多数携带COVID-19的人及其密切接触者时，它们可以重新开放，但仍需要保持一定距离。在第三种情况下，当有效的治疗或疫苗可用或多个方面数据显示免疫广泛时，可以解除剩余的限制。在当前大流行结束后，最后一个阶段将是在研究和医疗保健方面投入大量资金，为下一次大流行做准备。
约翰霍普金斯大学彭博公共卫生学院卫生安全中心主任、大流行防备专家汤姆英格斯比(Tom Inglesby)为报告提供了投入，并帮助对报告进行了审查。《科学美国人》采访了英格尔斯比(Inglesby)，谈到美国在重新开放之前必须达到的一些最重要的标准。这些措施包括不断减少新病例、广泛的检测和病例追踪、为医护人员提供足够的防护装备以及公众使用非医用口罩。
[以下是经过编辑的谈话记录。]
在我们也可以安全解除对社会的限制之前，有哪些关键的事情必须发生?
第一：任何一个正在考虑放松社会距离的州在两周前的案例中都应该有一个下降的趋势。我们应该更好地评估全国的趋势数据。最终，最好有更多的数据，让决策者能够审视周边国家，确保它们与该地区其他几个国家的情况一致。
第二件事是广泛的诊断测试能力。现在我们把重点放在最病重的病人身上，因为我们该在医院、长期护理机构和医疗工作者身上。但我们应该达到这样一个程度：任何有与COVID-19一致症状的人都可以在同一天接受检测并得到结果。我们还应该制定一项血清学倡议。[编者按：血清学或基于抗体的检测可以揭示一个人以前是否感染过COVID-19，并且可能有一些免疫力。]
第三，在你的州内有足够数量的个人防护设备，以满足当前和预期的需求，这样医生、护士和医院工作人员就可以为病人的潜在增长做好准备，这可能是由于社会距离的放松。因此，医疗体系应该在设备方面有所准备，但是，我们也需要有更多的能力来照顾重病患者。
最后，最后一个主要的因素是一个国家快速查找病例的能力：隔离、联系追踪和病例管理。这就是过去几个月来，亚洲官员和医疗工作者一直在做的非常紧张的事情。我认为，正是这些条件使各州开始放松社会距离变得更安全。你试着，也许，取消一套措施，看看有什么影响，看看我们能否继续在规定中控制疫情。如果事情崩溃，案件开始大幅上升，那么你需要回到早期阶段。
附上原文，以供参考，拒绝转载，侵权必删：
When Can We Lift the Coronavirus Pandemic Restrictions? Not Before Taking These Steps
Johns Hopkins health security expert Tom Inglesby discusses the need for widespread testing, protective equipment and face coverings
By Tanya Lewis on April 6, 2020
Credit: Getty Images
With much of the country grinding to a halt in a desperate attempt to slow the spread of the new coronavirus, many people are wondering when the U.S. will be able to “reopen.”
The American Enterprise Institute, a public policy think tank, recently released a report co-written by former U.S. Food and Drug Administration commissioner Scott Gottlieb that offers a four-phase “road map to reopening.” The first phase—which the U.S. is currently in—involves slowing the spread of new infections with physical distancing measures, such as closing schools and having people work from home. In the second step, individual states can reopen when they have the capacity to identify, test and isolate most people with COVID-19 and their close contacts—but some distancing will still be required. In the third, remaining restrictions can be lifted when an effective therapy or vaccine becomes available or when data show widespread immunity. The final stage, after the current pandemic is over, will be to invest heavily in research and health care to prepare for the next one.
Tom Inglesby, director of the Center for Health Security at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health—and an expert on pandemic preparedness—provided input for the report and helped to review it. Scientific American spoke with Inglesby about some of the most important criteria the country must meet before it can reopen. These include consistent declines in new cases, widespread testing and case tracking, adequate supplies of protective gear for health care workers and the use of nonmedical masks by the public.
[An edited transcript of the conversation follows.]
What are some of the key things that have to happen before we can safely lift the restrictions on society?
Number one: any given state that’s considering relaxing social distancing should have a demonstrated downward trend in cases over the two weeks prior. And we need to get better at being able to evaluate trend data across the country. Ultimately it would be good to have more data that would allow decision makers to be able to look at neighboring states and make sure they’re congruent with others in the region.
The second thing is extensive diagnostic testing capability. Right now we’re focused on the sickest patients—as we should be—in hospitals and long-term care facilities and health care workers. But we need to get to a point where anybody who’s got symptoms consistent with COVID-19 can get a test and have results in the same day. We should also be developing a serology initiative. [Editor’s Note: Serological, or antibody-based, tests could reveal whether a person has previously been infected with COVID-19 and may have some immunity.]
Number three is having personal protective equipment in sufficient quantities within your state to cover current and anticipated needs so that doctors and nurses and hospital staff are ready for the potential rise in patients that could follow a relaxation of social distancing. So the health care system should be prepared in terms of equipment, but, also, we need to have more capacity to care for very sick people.
And finally, the last important element is the capacity for a state to do very rapid case finding: isolation, contact tracing and case management. That is what officials and health care workers have been doing very intensely in Asia in the past couple of months. Those are the kinds of conditions, I think, that would make it safer for states to begin to relax social distancing. You try to, perhaps, lift one set of measures, see what the impact is, see if we can continue to keep control of the outbreak in the provision. And if things collapse, and cases start to go up substantially, then you need to go back to the earlier phase.
Source of articles：https:///
Author：Tanya Lewis
以上就是美国疫情下，COVID-19大流行的社会限制情况介绍了，希望美国民众能够遵守美国社会限制规定，不要再放松对新型冠状病毒的警惕，这样才能够更快的战胜病毒。
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